Abstract: Sleep is closely related to cognitive function and is the key to maintaining physical and mental health. For the soldiers in plateau, sleep disorders and cognitive disorders are particularly prominent due to the harsh training environment. This article elaborates on the characteristics and mechanisms of sleep disorders and cognitive disorders in soldiers in plateau, as well as their internal connections. Combining researches at home and abroad, we have proposed measures to prevent and treat the sleep and cognitive impairment of officers and soldiers in plateau, which may provide evidence for further exploring the strategy training at high altitude.