糖尿病患者周围神经病变的关联因素分析

宋玲; 孟俊华; 王玉玲

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-5227.2022.04.011

摘要:

背景糖尿病周围神经病变是糖尿病常见的并发症之一，在一定程度上表现为周围神经功能障碍，影响患者的生活质量。

目的通过对糖尿病患者的调查，分析糖尿病周围神经病变发生的影响因素并提出相应护理对策。

方法采用问卷调查法，于2021年2 - 5月选取北京市某三甲医院内分泌科住院的糖尿病患者进行问卷调查，主要收集患者基本信息、生活习惯及疾病状况等资料。

结果 200例糖尿病患者参与本研究，男性139例(70%)，女性61例(30%)，平均年龄(70.07±7.94)岁，诊断为糖尿病周围神经病变81例(40.5%)，出现相关症状141例(70.5%)；糖尿病周围神经病变相关症状中发生率最高的是手脚凉(77例，39.5%)和麻木(66例，33.8%)。单因素分析显示吸烟史、饮酒史、饮食情况、锻炼习惯、工作或生活压力、病程、家族史、体检频率、是否合并其他慢性病等与糖尿病周围神经病变有关(P均＜0.05)；logistic回归分析结果显示有吸烟史(OR=2.075，95% CI：1.257 ~ 3.426)、经常食用油炸或加工食品(OR=3.518，95% CI：1.878 ~ 6.592)及出现其他糖尿病并发症(OR=2.285，95% CI：1.442 ~ 3.620)与糖尿病周围神经病变独立关联(P＜0.05)。

结论生活方式与糖尿病周围神经病变息息相关，有吸烟史、经常食用油炸或加工食品、已经出现其他糖尿病并发症的患者更容易发生糖尿病周围神经病变，通过早期识别和干预可降低糖尿病周围神经病变的发生率，提高患者的生活质量。

Abstract:

Background Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes, and it is characterized by peripheral nerve dysfunction to a certain extent, which can affect the quality of life of patients.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and put forward the corresponding nursing countermeasures through the investigation of diabetic patients.

Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among diabetic patients in the endocrinology department of a third-class hospital in Beijing from February to May in 2021. The basic information, living habits and disease status of the patients were collected.

Results Totally 200 diabetic patients were included in this study, with 139 (70%) males and 61 (30%) females, and their average age was (70.07±7.939) years. There were 81 (40.5%) cases with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and 141 (70.5%) cases with related symptoms. The highest incidence of related symptoms of diabetic peripheral neuropathy was cold hands and feet in 77 cases (39.5%) and numbness in 66 cases (33.8%). Univariate analysis showed that smoking history, drinking history, diet, exercise habits, work or life stress, the course of disease, family history, frequency of physical examination, and other chronic diseases were related to diabetic peripheral neuropathy (all P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking history (OR=2.075, 95% CI: 1.257-3.426), frequent consumption of fried or processed foods (OR=3.518, 95% CI: 1.878-6.592) and other diabetic complications (OR=2.285, 95% CI: 1.442-3.620) were associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (P＜0.05).

Conclusion Life-style is closely related to diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Patients with a history of smoking, frequent consumption of fried or processed foods, and other diabetic complications are more likely to develop diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Early identification and intervention can reduce the incidence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and improve the quality of life of patients.

糖尿病患者周围神经病变的关联因素分析

Factors associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy