农牧区老年人日常生活活动能力调查及其影响因素分析

周琳; 冯丹; 陈运奇; 杨虹; 郭佳钰; 袁熹娜; 侯惠如

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-5227.2022.05.010

农牧区老年人日常生活活动能力调查及其影响因素分析

Factors associated with ADL of the elderly in agricultural and pastoral areas

摘要

摘要:
背景日常生活活动能力(activities of daily living，ADL)受损是老年人最主要的健康问题，目前针对我国农牧区老年人ADL的相关研究较少。
目的通过对农牧区老年人进行问卷调查，分析日常生活活动能力的影响因素并提出应对建议。
方法采用横断面研究设计，于2020年9月- 2021年5月选取我国3个不同经济发展区域的农牧区老年人进行问卷调查，收集老年人的一般资料、日常生活活动能力情况、患慢性病情况等，进行ADL的单因素和二元logistic回归分析。
结果本研究共发放1 450份问卷，回收有效问卷1 394份，其中东部地区441份，中部地区288份，西部地区665份。调查对象年龄60 ~ 101(70.03±7.99)岁，男性672例(48.2%)，女性722例(51.8%)，日常生活活动能力受损率45.6%，慢性病患病率53.7%。二元logistic回归分析结果显示高龄、女性、居住在西部地区、生活在牧区、无经济收入、有养老保险、多病共存、健康自评状况与农牧区老年人日常生活活动能力受损相关(P＜0.05)。
结论农牧区老年人日常生活活动能力受损率高，且受多种因素影响，需要国家、社会的关注扶持以及便捷有效的医养结合服务，以提升生活质量。

Abstract:
Background The impairment of activities of daily living (ADL) is the main health problem of the elderly. At present, there are few studies on the health status of the elderly in agricultural and pastoral areas in China.
Objective To investigate the impaired rate of ADL of the elderly in agricultural and pastoral areas, analyze the influencing factors, and put forward countermeasures.
Methods By adopting cross-sectional survey method, questionnaires on Current Situation and Needs of Elderly Care were distributed in proportion to three different economic development areas in China by means of face-to-face survey, which included general information, ADL, health status, etc, then the single factor and binary logistic regression analysis of ADL were carried out.
Results A total of 1394 valid questionnaires were collected in this study, including 441 in eastern region, 288 in central region and 665 in western region, with 672 males (48.2%) and 722 females (51.8%), and their average age was (70.03±7.99) years. The impaired rate of ADL was 45.6%, and the prevalence rate of chronic diseases was 53.7%. The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age, female, living in western region, living in pastoral areas, no economic income, pension insurance, multiple coexisting diseases and self-rated health status were the high-risk factors of impaired rate of ADL of the elderly in agricultural and pastoral areas.
Conclusion This study finds that the impaired rate of ADL of the elderly in agricultural and pastoral areas is high, and it is affected by many factors, which suggests that the health services need to be strengthened, and the health level needs to be improved.

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