Abstract: Vibrio vulnificus, a gram-negative halophilic marine Vibrio, is an important opportunistic pathogen of Vibrio genus in Vibrionaceae, which is more likely to cause host infection through digestive tract and wounds in summer. After infecting with Vibrio vulnificus in immunocompromised or weakened people, the disease progresses rapidly, and it is easy to induce septic shock, multiple organ failure, etc., which leads to death, with the mortality rate of 50%. It is the unique pathogenic mechanism of Vibrio vulnificus to promote multi-pathology and cause severe host infection through the synergy of virulence factors, and its mechanism is complex and has not yet been fully elucidated. Based on this, this paper systematically reviews the effects and mechanisms of various virulence factors of Vibrio vulnificus, in order to provide new ideas for Vibrio vulnificus infection and its prevention strategies.