Abstract: Objective To study the rapid detection method of extensive drug resistant tuberculosis. Methods Tubercular bacteria in sputum were identified after cultured with K′s PNB medium and K′s agar medium,respectively.Their drug resistance was detected by direct drug sensitivity test. Results Four mycobacteria tuberculosis,4 mycobacteria tuberculosis,and 2 non-tubercular bacteria and non-mycobacteria tuberculosis were isolated from 71 out of the 116 sputum samples.Nine extensive drug resistant strains（12%） and 50 multidrug resistant strains（66.7%） were isolated,respectively,from 75 of the 116 sputum samples,with an average detection time of 19.6d and 16.6d,respectively. Conclusion Direct drug sensitivity test in K′s PNB medium and direct identification in K′s agar medium can greatly shorten the detection time of extensive drug resistant strains and multidrug resistant strains in sputum with accurate and reliable results.