Abstract: Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical symptoms,diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of lymphoproliferative disease after liver transplantation. Methods Diarrhea and fever occurred in a 67-year-old female patient 12 months after liver transplantation.Abdominal CT demonstrated an occupying lesion in hepatic portal and parenchyma which was misdiagnosed as hepatic abscess with a poor outcome after antibiotic treatment.The disease was diagnosed after 3 biopsies and treated with reduced immunosuppressants and local 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy at total dose of 30Gy,which was given in 15 fractions. Results The body temperature of the patient returned to normal and her bilirubin level decreased after 3 fractions of radiation therapy.CT demonstrated that the lesion became much smaller after radiation therapy. Conclusion Reduced immunosuppressants and local radiotherapy can achieve significant short-term outcome in patients with lymphoproliferative disease after liver transplantation.