Abstract: Objective To study the risk factors for cardio-cerebral vascular disease（CVD） in patients after renal transplantation. Methods A total of 921 patients who underwent renal transplantation in our hospital from January 2000 to December 2010 were followed up.The patients were divided into early CVD group and late CVD according to the time of its incidence.Kaplan–Meier plot was used to calculate the accumulative survival rate of CVD patients and Cox’s proportional hazards model was used to analyze the risk factors for CVD. Results The incidence of CVD reached its peak 1 and 7 years,respectively,in patients after renal transplantation.History of CVD before renal transplantation is the risk factor for early CVD while histories of diabetes mellitus（DM） before renal transplantation and DM,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,anemia,renal insufficiency,proteinuria after renal transplantation were the risk factors for late CVD. Conclusion The incidence of CVD can be reduced in patients after renal transplantation and the long-term survival rate of such patients can be improved if its risk factors are appropriately controlled.