Abstract: Objective To study the significance of prophylactic ureteral catheterization for prevention of ureteral injury during radical hysterectomy. Methods Four hundred and thirty-eight patients with cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy from January 2006 to January 2011 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Of these patients,40 underwent ureteral catheterization including double-J stent implantation under cystoscope before operation.The stent was removed immediately or 3 months after operation. Results Ureteral injury was found in 1 of the 40 patients who underwent ureteral catheterization before operation and naturally healed without specific repair 3 months after the catheter was removed.Ureteral injury was found in 6 of the 230 patients who underwent abdominal surgery.Among these 6 patients,ureteral fistula was found in 1 and repaired with a dwelling ureteral catheter,tumor invasion or dense adhesion was observed in the other 5 and removed followed by implantation of a vesicoureteral catheter.Ureteral injury was found in 7 of the 208 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery.Among these 7 patients,ureteral injury was observed in 3 during operation,which was naturally healed in 1 patient without specific repair due to the inserted D-J stent before operation,repaired in 1 patient though laparoscopy followed by implantation of a D-J stent,repaired in 1 patient after trans-abdominal implantation of a D-J stent.Thermal injury was found in 4 patients 14 days after operation,which was simply treated in 1 patient by implanting a double-J stent under cystoscope,repaired by laparoscopy in 2 patients with a dwelling double-J stent,and repaired in 1 patient with pelvic fistulization. Conclusion Prophylactic ureteral catheterization for cervical cancer helps to identify ureter,prevent and treat ureteral injury during radical hysterectomy.