Abstract: Controlling by Chinese healthy adults'normal artery cells and healthy adults normal blood lymphocytes（DNA）, the mutations of p53 anti oncogene in 89 cases of Chinese adults' atherosclerotic（AS） plaques were studied detailedly and systematically. The results showed that totally 9 cases（9/89） mutations of p53 gene were found by radiative PCR SSCP, a highest sensitive and highest specific method for the detection of DNA mutations, in which, 6 cases had been further verified by sequencing. In conclusion, from our studies, it's clear that there are definite mutations of p53 anti oncogene in some Chinese adults' AS plaque cells, and this phenomenon may be a new mechanism in the pathogenesis of human AS damages.