Abstract: Prevention of traumatic neuroma by implantation of neural stump into muscle was studied in SD rats. Electrophysiological, histological and TEM were used to assess the effects of implantation, and it was compared with the conventional treatment of neural stump, at 1,2,3, and 6 months postoperatively. The results show that neuroma forms and there are myofibroblasts in the neural stumps of conventional treatment. But in cases of implantation the nerve fibers dispersed into muscle fibers, and there are no myofibroblasts found. The causes of intractable pain,prevention and treatment of the painful neuroma, and the mechanisms of our method are discussed.