Abstract: A 53-year-old man with retroperitoneal angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia（AFLNH）waspresented.The AFLNH’s aetiolog,pathology,clinical features and therapy are sumrned up.The diagnosis ofAFLNH is analysed and discussed;The ultrasonic guide biopsy might be a dependable method for the earlyclinical diagnosis and the choice of therapies,Previous reports about AFLNH are reviewed.