Abstract: Objective To study the clinical characteristics of patients with hematological malignancy accompanying pulmonary invasive fungal infection（IFI）. Methods Thirty-one patients with patients pulmonary IFI were enrolled in this study.The clinical manifestations,fungal spectrum,and treatment outcome of these patients were observed. Results Broad-spectrum antibiotics were used for ≥7 days.Neutropenia occurred ≥7 days before development of IFI and its persistentime was ≥10 days,which was the high risk factor for IFI in hematological malignancy.The most common fungal sub types were Candida albicans,non-Candida albicans,and aspergillus.Although amphotericin B and itraconozole,etc,were used in treatment of IFI,8 patients died of respiratory failure. Conclusion IFI is easy to occur in patients with hematological malignancy.Early prevention and treatment with anti-fungal agents can reduce the mortality of IFI and achieve a better prognosis.