活体下颌骨与HYBRIDⅢ假人头结合模型撞击损伤的有限元研究

Development of a finite element model of the head of HYBRIDⅢ dummy with the human mandible

  • 摘要: 目的: 建立活体下颌骨与HYBRIDⅢ假人头结合的人体头部有限元模型。探讨下颌骨正面撞击时响应过程,研究其损伤的生物力学机制。方法: 根据人体下颌骨的螺旋CT扫描图像,利用三维重建、图像处理和网格划分技术,建立人体下颌骨的三维有限元模型。根据颞下颌关节的解剖结构及其力学特点,将已建立的下颌骨模型通过关节和经过修改的HYBRIDⅢ假人头部模型相连接,从而建立活体下颌骨与HYBRIDⅢ假人头结合的人体头部有限元模型,对下颌骨进行初步边界约束。模拟计算此模型在下颌骨正中撞击正前方刚体试验。结果: 下颌骨正中撞击正前方刚体,下颌骨会以颞下颌关节为轴向后轻微滑动,因而应力上升过程中有一回落,此处为滑动力。应力沿下颌骨外斜线向升支和颞下颌关节传递,髁突及髁突颈部应力有明显集中。骨结构的横截面积陡然减小的区域出现应力集中。在喙突(颞肌)边界约束条件下,喙突应力亦有一定改变。结论: 髁突及髁突颈部相对于下颌骨体其骨结构的横截面积陡然减小,同时下颌骨以髁突为轴向后轻微滑动,造成此处较强的应力有集中。从理论上,这可能是下颌骨撞击损伤的生物力学机制之一。由于将活体下颌骨与HYBRIDⅢ假人头结合,有助于对下颌骨进行边界约束。

     

    Abstract: Objective: To analyze biomechanics of impact injury, in the condition of the simulate impact on mandible rejoins. Methods: A Finite Element Model of human mandible is developed from CT scan images by the technologies of three-dimensional reconstruction, image processing and meshing. The mandible model is connected to one modified head model of HYBRIDⅢ dummy with joint according to the anatomic structure and mechanical characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Results: A finite element model of the human head with the true anatomic structure mandible has been developed. This model has been validated with the cadaver test results. The higher stress was showed in the condyle rejoins and coracoid in the model when mandible was in impact simulation. Conclusions: This model can be used to research the mechanism of craniofacial blunt-impact injury and assess the injury severity. The model of HYBRIDⅢ dummy with the human mandible was helpful for the boundary design of mandibular model in the impact simulations.

     

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