Abstract: Objective:To studay the protective effect of prostaglandin E₁（PGE₁） on brain in experimental brain injury.Methods: Thirty-five male SD rats were divided randomly into five groups:pseudoperation group,NS control group,Small-dose treat group,medium-dose treat group and larger-dose treat group.Each group consisted of 7 rats.Based on Marmarou A model of brain injury,we made rats model with diffuse brain injury（DBI）and observed PGE₁'s effect on tumor necrosis factor-alpha（TNFα） and interleukin-1 beta（IL-1β） contents at 8h after operation or DBI.Results: After treating with small and medium dose of PGE₁,TNFα and IL-1β decreased remarkably,and there was a remarkable difference compared with NS control group（P＜0.05,P＜0.01）.There was no difference compared with pseudoperation group（P＞0.05）.Larger dose of PGE₁ group had no effect on TNFα and IL-1β contents,and had no difference compared with NS control group（P＞0.05）,but there was a significant difference compared with pseudoperation group（P＜0.01）.Conclusion: The inhibition of injury induced inflammation response in the brain tissue by small and medium dose of PGE₁ may contribute to its overall neuroprotective action.