Abstract: Objective To study the safety and curative effect of sustained-release fluorourancil during laparoscopic rectal carcinoma surgery.Methods One hundred and seventy-two patients with rectal carcinoma who underwent laparoscopic radical surgery in our department from March 2006 to January 2009 were divided into observation group（n=90） and control group（n=82）.Patients in observation group received regional chemotherapy with sustained-release fluorourancil under laparoscope.Patients in control group did not receive regional chemotherapy with sustained-release fluorourancil under laparoscope.Their outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.Results No difference was found in liver and kidney functions and white blood cell count between the two groups before and after operation（P＞0.05）.The local recurrence rate of rectal carcinoma was 1.11%（1/90） and 7.78%（7/90） respectively in observation group,and 8.54%（7/82） and 17.07%（14/82） respectively in control group 1 and 2 years after operation（P＜0.05）.The liver metastasis rate was 5.55%（5/90） and 17.78%（16/90） respectively in observation group,and 15.85%（13/82） and 26.83%（22/82） respectively in control group 1 and 2 years after operation（P＜0.05）.Conclusion Sustained-release fluorourancil is effective and safe as a regional chemotherapy agent for rectal carcinoma during laparoscopic radical surgery,and can reduce its local recurrence and liver metastasis.