Abstract: Objective:To determine the expression of NFκB activation species of grafts in the early pre-rejection postoperative period after corneal transplantation.Methods:The donor and acceptor corneas of two groups of mice were studied after receiving an allo-（C57BL/10 to BALB/c） or autograft（BALB/c）.Autograft was treated as control group.Graft rejection was observed by biomicroscopy.Grafted eyes were removed at specified times and examined histologically.NF-κB activation was assayed using ELISA-based transactivation TransAM kit.Results:Corneal rejection was characterized by opaque corneas with prominent neovascularization.NF-κB activation in cornea was significantly increased compared the to autograft following corneal transplantation.Conclusion:The results indicate that NF-κB activation increases in allograft corneal.