Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of testosterone on expression of transforming growth factor-β1（TGF-β1） and hemeoxygenase-1（HO-1）in endothelial cells of human umbilical vein. Methods Effect of testosterone on expression of TGF-β1 and HO-1 in endothelial cells of human umbilical vein was detected by ELISA. Results Testosterone at a physiological concentration of 3.0×10-8mol/L or at an approximately physiological concentration promoted the expression of TGF-β1 and HO-1 in endothelial cells of human umbilical vein in a time-and concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion Testosterone at a physiological concentration or at an approximately physiological concentration promotes the expression of TGF-β1 and HO-1 in endothelial cells of human umbilical vein.