Abstract: Objective To analyze the relation between renal function change and prognosis in patients with liver failure accompanying spontaneous bacterial peritonitis（SBP）. Methods A total of 1 810 inpatients with liver failure admitted to Chinese PLA 302 Hospital during 2003-2008 were enrolled in this study.One hundred and forty-seven patients with liver failure accompanying SBP served as group A,and 276 patients with liver failure accompanying ascites but no SBP served as group B.Their clinical data,renal function and prognosis were compared and analyzed before and after antibiotic treatment. Results The creatinine level was higher in patients with no improvement than in those with improvement when they were discharged（P＜0.05）.The creatinine level was lower in patients of group A with improvement than in those with no improvement（P＜0.05）.The creatinine level was significantly higher in patients of group B with no improvement than in those with improvement（P＜0.05）. Conclusion The prognosis of patients with liver failure accompanying SBP is rather good if their creatinine level is reduced after treatment.