Abstract: Objective To study the mechanism and prognosis of immune-related cytopenia. Methods Twenty-three cytopenia patients admitted to our hospital were analyzed. Results Among the 23 cytopenia patients,complications of hyperthyroidism,drying syndrome,thyroiditis,diabetes mellitus,and systemic lupus erythematosus were found in 2,2,1,1,and 1,respectively.Normal or elevated and decreased reticulocytes were detected in 20 and 3 patients,respectively.Elevated lactate dehydrogenase was found in 14 patients.The number of peripheral monocytes was increased in 19 patients with abnormal morphology observed in 5 patients.The number of myeloid monocytes was increased in 9 patients with abnormal morphology observed in 8 patients.Bone marrow proliferation was active in 22 patients with proliferation decreased in 1 patient.The positive rate of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase was low in 16 and high in 3 patients,respectively.Glucocorticoid,cyclosporine A and gamma globulin used alone or in combination are the main drug therapy for the disease with a total effective rate of 95.6%. Conclusion Cytopenia is characterized by increased percentage and abnormal morphology of monocytes.