Abstract: Objective To study the early diagnosis and treatment of lymphoproliferative disorder（PTLD） in a male patient after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation（HSCT）. Methods A case of lymphoma and leukemia was reported,who underwent transplantation of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells（HSC） from peripheral blood of unrelated donors after pretreatment with bulsulfan/cyclophosphomide/antithymocyte globulin（Bu/Cy/ATG）. Results Ninety-four days after HSCT,he developed PTLD.After treatment with tacrolimus（FK506）,rituximab,prednisolone and acyclovir,his condition was improved.However,he died of serious lung infection at last. Conclusion PTLD is a rare and fatal complication of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Lymph node biopsy,quantitative PCR and pathology should be performed for the detection of EBV and EBV DNA if PTLD is suspected so that it can be diagnosed and treated at its early stage.