Abstract: Objective To study the clinical characteristics of distal ulcerative colitis（DUC） and assess the therapeutic effect of compound dracorhodin enema on it. Methods Clinical characteristics of DUC,ulcerative pancolitis（PUC） and Crohn’s disease（CD） were analyzed by comparing their clinical,endoscopic and pathological findings.One hundred and twenty-eight DUC patients were divided into experimental group and control group.Patients in experimental group were treated with oral mesalazine and compound dracorhodin enema while those in control group were given 0.9% sodium chloride injection.Therapeutic effects of the two treatment modalities on DUC were compared. Results The clinical manifestations of DUC included diarrhea,rectal tenesmus,mucous bloody stool and its main pathological manifestation was crypt abscess,which were similar to those of UPC（P＞0.05） but significantly different from those of CD（P＜0.05）.The total effective rate of 5-week therapy was significantly higher in experimental group than in control group.No significant difference was observed in the improvement of diarrhea,abdominal pain,rectal tenesmus,and mucous bloody stool between the two treatment modalities（P＞0.05）.However,the effect of compound dracorhodin enema was obviously better on mucous bloody stool and its side effects were less in experimental group than in control group（P＞0.05）. Conclusion DUC is characterized by certain typical clinical symptoms due to its occurring site.Compound dracorhodin enema is a safe and effective procedure for it and worthy of application in clinical practice.