Abstract: Objective: To establish a simple and reliable rabbit model of renal allograft transplantation. Methods: New-zealand white rabbits were used as the donor and recipient.End-to-side anastomosis of the donor’s inferior vena cava to recipient’s inferior vena cava was performed.End-to-side anastomosis of the donor’s abdominal aortas to recipient’s abdominal aortas was performed.Urinary tract reconstruction was accomplished by suturing the donor’s ureter with a bladder patch to the recipient’s bladder. Results: The rabbit model of renal allograft transplantation was reliable.The serum creatinine（SCr）level increased from（179.76±28.36）μmol/L to（693.55±36.49）μmol/L in transplantation group after surgery.The serum SCr level remained stable in the control group.Typical changes of acute renal rejection occurred in the rabbit model of renal allograft transplantation. Conclusion: Rabbit model of renal allograft transplantation is simple and reliable,and thus can be used as a model to study transplantation immunity.