Abstract: Objective: To study the role of low dose aspirin, TNF-α and ICAM-1 in the gastric mucosal injury. Methods: A model of gastric mucosal injury with low dose aspirin of 5.021mg/kg was replicated on the basis of past reseach. Then we examined the expression of TNF-α and ICAM-1 on gastric mucosal cell in SD rats with low dose aspirin by immunohistochemistry. Results: ①Gastric mucosal injury occurred in experiment groups at the third day and arrived at peak level at the fourteenth day after administration of low dose aspirin of 5.021mg/kg. The ratio was 83.3%.After administration of low dose aspirin by immunohistochemistry method,the results showed that TNF-α began to express at the third day, peaked at the forteenth day; ICAM-1 began to express at the third day after administration of low dose aspirin,peaked at the twenty-first day. Conclusion: Low dose aspirin may induce gastric mucosal injury. The expression of ICAM-1 and TNF-α plays an important role in the mechanism of low dose aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury.