Abstract: Objective: To investigate the changes in T-Lymphocyte subset and natural killer cell on cancer patients during perioperative period after homologous and autologous blood transfusion.Methods: 100patiens undergoing radical esophagus and stomach cancer surgery were radomly divided into 2 groups.GroupsⅠreceive 400 ml homologous blood transfusion and Group Ⅱ receive 400 ml autologous blood transfusion.Venous blood samples were taken before surgery，on 1st and 5th postoperative for determination of T-Lymphocyte subsets and natural killer cell counts by flow cytometry.Results: The number of CD3⁺、CD4⁺、 CD4⁺/CD8⁺，NK cell was decreased obviously on1st postoperative compare with preoperation(P＜0.05or P＜0.01).Group Ⅰdecreased more obviously than Group Ⅱ(P＜0.05).The same existed in 5 th postoperative in Group Ⅰ，but the number of CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺ NK cell recover in Group Ⅱ.Couclusions: The homologous tranfusion can bring more serious inhibitory effection than autologous transfusion can do during peroperative period.The patients of autologous transfusion have only a slim inhibitory and a rapid recover.