Abstract: Objective:To investigate and review the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of peroneal nerve palsy.Methods:The clinical and electrophysiological data of 59 cases including 80 sides of peroneal nerve palsy were collected.And the electrophysiological data for 43 healthy controls were also collected.The data were analyzed statistically.Results:Denervation potentials were detected in tibialis anterior and musculus extensor digitorum brevis on 59 patients.The average peroneal nerve conduction velocity were decreased,with motor conduction velocity（MCV） from above knee to below knee（45.37±12.53）m/s and below knee to ankle（39.53±7.17）m/s;motor latency were prolonged and compound muscle action potential amplitude were decreased.These were statistically significance comparing with the healthy controls（P＜0.001 or P＜0.05）.Conclusions:Electrophysiological examination could provide reliable evidence for early diagnosis of peroneal nerve palsy.The exact segment and degree of damage of peroneal nerve palsy could be detected by it,therefore,information is accessed for instructing therapy,judging prognosis and differentiating diagnosis.