Abstract: Objective: To investigate the relativity and patient’s condition between the alleles of human leukocyte antigens（HLA）-DRB and HLA-DQB1 and Eales disease in the Hans living in the north of China. Methods: The alleles of HLA-DRB and HLA-DQB1 were typed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers（PCR-SSP） technique in samples from 21 patients with Eales disease and 30 healthy controls.All of the subjects,their grandparents and grand-grandparents are Hansliving in the north of China. Results: The frequency of DRB1*04 in the Eales patients（0.57） was significantly higher than that in the controls（0.20）,χ²=7.46,P＜0.01.Odds ratio（OR） was 5.33.The frequency of DRB1*11significantly decreased in the group of patients with Ehincomparisonto the controls（0.05 versus 0.30）,χ²=4.99,P＜0.05.OR was 0.17.The average acuity of vision of patients with DRB1*04 were worser than that without DRB1*04.The frequency of vitrectomy in the patients with DRB1*04 was higher than that in the patients without DRB1*04. Conclusion: HLA-DRB1*04 is associated with the susceptiblity to Eales disease in the north Hans of China.DRB1*11 may protect one from the disease.