Abstract: Eightyone cases of cerebral infarction were reviewed. Necrosis of the brain caused by anoxia or trauma and infarction due to change in anterior or posterior arteries secondary to cerebral herniation was excluded. According to the diagnostic criteria of Stehbens, 27 cases were diagnosed as cerebral embolism, among which 15 cases were ischemic infarction, and 12 cases hemorrhagic infarction. Emboli originated from rheumatic heart disease in 8 cases, congenital heart disease in 3 cases, myocardial infarction in 5 cases, infection in 3 cases, carcinoma in 2 cases, fat embolism in 1 case and undetermined origin in 5 cases. The onset was sudden in all cases. 11 cases were misdiagnosed clinically. In 21 cases of cerebral artery thrombosis, infarction occurred in the territory of internal carotid artery in 16 cases, and the vertebro-basilar artery in 5 cases. In 2 younger patients, the cause of infarction was mycotic septicaemia associated with arteritic thrombosis. Internal carotid arterial thrombosis secondary to operation of the neck was found in 1 case. In remaining 18 cases, the lesions were due to atherosclerosis, the mean age of these patients being 70 years. The onset was gradual except in 4 cases. Thrombosis of the cerebral venous sinus was found in 5 cases, being superior sagittal sinus in 4 cases and bilateral sigmoid sinus in 1 case. Hypertensive arteriolosclerotic cerebral infarction was demonstrated in 21 cases （7 case combined with massive infarction） with an average age of 70. Pathological examination showed that the lesions were small, generally less than 20 mm in diameter. They were mainly located in basal ganglia, thalamus, caudate nucleus, pons and dentate nucleus of cerebellum. Cerebral infarction due to miscellaneous causes and undetermined origin was found in 14 cases. The incidence of cerebral infarction and the ratio of embolism to thrombosis were discussed. Embolism was more frequently diagnosed in autopsy than clinically. The cause of misdiagnosis was analysed. The author suggests that clinicians should give special attention to emboli originated from detachment of mural thrombi resulted from myocardial infarction and those from aorta or carotid artery. The author also suggests that a thorough examination of the internal carotid and the vertebral arteries should be performed to clarify the exact sites of thrombus formation.