Abstract: Objective: To study the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of multiple primary lung cancers (MPLC) in elderly patients. Methods: 14 patients with MPLC from 281patients of lung cancer confirmed by pathology and cytology were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed clinically. Results: The incidence of the MPLC comprised of 4.98%(14/281);13patients had double primary cancers,1patients had three primary cancers;the mean survival of the first cancer was 114.3months;the mean interval between primary tumor and the second tumor was 52.2months;6patients with MPLC underwent resection of tumor,their mean survival was 71.2month,which was longer than that of 5patients without surgical treatment 18.4months. Conclusions: The surviving patients of primary lung cancers require lifelong screening for MPLC,because the incidence of the MPLC are increasing in long surviving patients,the surgical treatment should be recommended.