Abstract: Objective To study the causes of early urinary fistula after renal transplantation in order to improve its diagnosis and treatment. Methods Clinical data about 13 cases of urinary fistula after renal transplantation in our center were retrospectively analyzed. Results The incidence of urinary fistula was 4.04% after renal transplantation.Among the 13 patients,urinary fistula was cured in 10 after conservative treatment and in 3 after surgical treatment due to failure of conservative treatment. Conclusion Urinary fistula usually occurs within two weeks after renal transplantation and is commonly caused by surgical procedures.The majority of urinary fistulae can be cured with drainage,anti-infection treatment,and nutritional support.