Abstract: Objective: To find a new way to decrease the relapse rate and to prolong the disease free survival (DFS) in patients with leukemia after autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). Methods: Bone marrow cells of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in complete remission (CR) were purged by exposure to light after being treated by a kind of hematoporphyrin derivative,PSD-007(10μg/ml in concentration).Then these cells were reinfused to the patients after treated by conditioning regiments. Results: Ten patients with AML received this purging process in their treatment of ABMT.The median numbers of mononuclear cells,CD34⁺ cells and CFU-GM infused after purging were 1.3(0.7~2.45) ×108/kg,2.39(0.74~4.06) ×10⁶/kg and 1.44(0.32~4.65) ×10⁴/kg,respectively.Nine of the10 patients obtained hematopoiesis reconstitution.It took median time of20(15~43) days and 30(21~55) days for WBC to reach >1.0×10⁹/L and 20×10⁹/L,and46(25~62) days for BPC recover to 50×10⁹/L.The mean follow-up per-i od was 26months (range 20~64).Six patients are still achieve DFS,the other three patients relapsed,two of which were out of contact and one with acute basophilic leukemia obtained CR2 after further chemotherapy posttransplantation, and remains in CR2 for 14months.One patient died from transplant related complications. Conclusion: Our preliminary data suggest that autologous bone marrow transplantation with purging by PSD-007 in vitro is a safe and well theraputic option for patients with AML.