Abstract: Objective To compare the advantages and disadvantages of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery（VATS） and limited axillary thoracotomy（LAT） in lobectomy. Methods Clinical data about VATS and LAT in anatomical lobectomy performed from June 2002 to December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Results VATS and LAT were performed in lobectomy for primary lung cancer,lung metastatic tumor,inflammatory pseudotumor,pulmonary sequestration in 107 and 135 patients,respectively.No significant difference was observed in blood loss,drainage time,hospital stay time,and complications between the two groups.However,the operation time was shorter and the pleural drainage volume was slightly less in patients undergoing VATS than in those undergoing LAT. Conclusion Each of the two minimally invasive surgical procedures has its own advantages in anatomical lobectomy.