Abstract: Objective To assess the proliferation and directional induction ability of mesenchymal stem cells in hormone-induced rat femoral head necrosis model. Methods A SD rat femoral head necrosis model was induced with hormone and bovine serum to observe and verify its pathological change.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were taken from model group and control group to assess their biological characteristics. Results The bovine serum and hormone-induced rat femoral head necrosis model was successfully established.The proliferation rate of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was significantly lower in model group than in control group（P＜0.05）.The positive staining of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was observed after directional induction with hormone or bovine serum.However,alizarin red and oil red O staining showed that the number of calcium nodules and lipoblasts was significantly less in model group than in control group after directional induction with hormone or bovine serum. Conclusion The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in model group still show their biological characteristics after directional induction,but their proliferation,bone and adipose formation potentials are weaker in model group than in control group.