Abstract: The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing year by year, ultrasound-guided fine needle puncture is a relatively simple, minimally invasive, and highly accurate diagnostic method. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used in many medical fields, significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of disease diagnosis. This paper focuses on the latest literature on the application of AI in thyroid cytopathological diagnosis, reviews the research status, analyzes the difficulties and challenges faced by AI in thyroid cytopathology, and points out the future application prospects of AI in thyroid cytopathology.