Abstract: Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is a common form of community-acquired pneumonia in children over 5 years, with a certain degree of self limitation, and mild cases can be treated in outpatient department. The prevalence of MPP in children has significantly increased recently, with some cases necessitating hospitalization due to complications such as consolidation, pulmonary atelectasis, liver function abnormalities, respiratory failure, and other intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary complications. This disease has placed a significant burden on our public health system. Based on relevant guidelines, expert consensus and the latest research, this article focuses on the treatment and rehabilitation of MPP in children. It organizes in-depth ideas on the diagnosis and treatment of this disease and presents corresponding academic views on the problems and challenges encountered in the process of diagnosis and treatment, aiming to provide support for enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of MPP in children.