Abstract: Objective To explore the effects of operative and non-operative treatment for the intracranial high-grade multiple glioma. Methods Clinical characteristics， operative treatment and follow-up results in patients with high-grade multiple glioma that were confirmed by images and postoperative pathology from January 2008 to November 2013 in Chinese PLA General Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into operative treatment group （n=27） and non-operative treatment group （n=10）. The survival of patients in operative and non-operative treatment were compared. In operative treatment group， there were 15 males and 12 females with a mean age of （44.4±13.6） years （range， 8 - 67 years） and their mean KPS score were （73.5±10.1） （range， 50 - 90）. Of the 27 cases， WHO Ⅳ was found in 21 cases and WHO Ⅲ in 6 cases. In non-operative treatment group， there were 4 males and 6 females with a mean age of （47.3±14.9） years （range， 20 - 71 years） and their mean KPS score were （75.5±11.3） （range， 50 - 90）. Of the 10 cases， WHO Ⅳ was found in 7 cases and WHO Ⅲ in 3 cases. Results The gross total resection， subtotal resection and partial resection rates were 11.1%， 18.5% and 70.4%. 19 cases were auxiliary to radiation or chemotherapy in operative treatment group， and 8 cases in non-operative treatment group. Patients were followed up for 1 - 24 months. The survival rate of 6-month，1-year of operative treatment group and non-operative treatment group were 77.8%， 32.1% and 35.0%， 11.7%. The median survival time of operative treatment group was 10.0 months， which was longer than that of non-operative treatment group （5.5 months）. Conclusion Compared with non-operative treatment， surgical removal of the tumor can prolong the survival time in treatment of intracranial multiple high-grade glioma.