Abstract: Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of ischemic compression technique on myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) of neck and shoulder. Methods Sixty-seven outpatients with myofascial pain syndrome of neck and shoulder admitted to the department of rehabilitation and physical medicine of Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General hospital from January 2014 to October 2014 were randomly divided into treatment group (n=34) and control group (n=33). Patients in treatment group were treated with ischemic compression, and patients in control group were treated with hot magnet, the course of treatment was 2 weeks. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and neck disability index (NDI) were used to evaluate the clinical effect of the two groups before and after treatment. Results No signifcant difference was found in age, gender and duration between two groups. There were signifcant differences in the score of VAS (t=20.11, P＜ 0.05) and NDI (t=16.67, P＜ 0.05) in treatment group before and after treatment. Signifcant difference was also found in the score of VAS (t=24.72, P＜ 0.05) and NDI (t=18.11, P＜ 0.05) in control group before and after treatment. The score of VAS (t=4.86, P＜ 0.05) and NDI (t=4.59, P＜ 0.05) between two groups had statistical signifcance after treatment. Conclusion The therapeutic effect of ischemic compression technique on myofascial pain syndrome of neck and shoulder is rather good.