Abstract: Objective To analyze the clinicopathological features and prognosis of retroperitoneal liposarcoma with tumor rupture during operation. Methods Clinical data about 87 patients with retroperitoneal liposarcoma managed with surgery from January 2003 to December 2014 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed and all patients were followed up. Of the 87 cases, the tumor of 23 patients ruptured during surgery, while the other 64 cases were not ruptured. The differences of clinicopathological features and prognosis between the two groups were analyzed. Results There was significant difference in tumor differentiation (χ²=7.814, P=0.005), univariate analysis showed that tumor rupture (χ²=12.637, P=0.000), tumor differentiation degree (χ²=12.104, P=0.001) and operative method (χ²=9.930, P=0.002) were positively correlated with survival time. The 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rate of ruptured tumor group and unruptured tumor group were 73.9%, 39.1%, 21.7% and 93.75%, 59.4%, 48.4%, respectively. Conclusion Retroperitoneal liposarcoma patients with ruptured tumor have poor prognosis.