Abstract: Transient elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) can be resulted from various factors during phacoemulsification, which is worthy of attention. Several studies have found that the elevated IOP can lead to a significant reduction in ocular perfusion pressure(OPP) and impairment of retinal function. Furthermore, decreased corneal endothelium density and inflammatory of anterior chamber can also be observed. Here, we summarize the correlation between fluctuated IOP and ocular functions in order to provide evidence for the clinical practice in the future.