Abstract: Renal decellularized scaffold is an important material supporting for bioartificial kidneys. Ideal renal decellularized scaffolds should have a vascular network and unique tissue-specific structure, as well as the same mechanical strength to natural tissue, and provide microscopic and macroscopic tissue frameworks. Renal decellularized scaffold can facilitate cell proliferation and differentiation, and finally complete the construction of engineered organs. This article reviews the preparation methods and quality evaluation of renal decellularized scaffolds, recellularization of decellularized scaffolds, kidney bioprinting technology, future development potential and challenges, and provides evidences for future practice.