Abstract: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute and severe respiratory disease, and correcting hypoxia is the focus of ARDS treatment. The use of ventilator for mechanical ventilation is currently the most important respiratory support method for ARDS, but the treatment effect is still unsatisfactory. Liquid Ventilation (LV) technology using perfluorocarbon (PFC) as a liquid breathing medium is one of the new treatment methods for ARDS. Perfuorocarbons (PFCs) are colorless and odorless transparent liquids at room temperature with stable properties. At the same time, perfuorocarbons have low surface tension and strong oxygen carrying capacity. Animal experiments have shown that liquid ventilation can significantly improve gas exchange and lung compliance, and has good application prospects. This article will review the development process of liquid ventilation, the efficacy, mechanism of action and the application prospects of liquid ventilation in the treatment of ARDS.