Abstract: Osteoarthritis often begins with damage and progressive degradation of articular hyaline cartilage structure and function, and then eventually involves all joint structures. At present, conservative treatment is mainly used to relieve symptoms, while surgical intervention is used when symptoms are serious, but these strategies still have some limitations and risks. Nowadays, tissue engineering has been widely used in the repair of articular cartilage defects and has made progress to a certain extent. This article mainly reviews the research advances in mesenchymal stem cells and porous tantalum in the treatment of osteoarthritis.