社区老年女性跌倒恐惧现状及关联因素分析

毛亚詹; 苏清清; 宋咪; 皮红英

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-5227.2022.04.010

社区老年女性跌倒恐惧现状及关联因素分析

Prevalence and associated factors of fear of falling among community-dwelling elderly women

摘要

摘要:
背景跌倒恐惧(fear of falling，FOF)在老年人群中发生率高，但国内缺乏针对社区老年女性FOF现状及相关因素分析的资料。
目的调查社区老年女性FOF现状并分析关联因素，丰富社区老年女性FOF相关资料，为制定个性化的社区跌倒防控干预措施提供依据。
方法 2021年6 - 9月选取北京市石景山区3个老年活动中心的社区老年女性278例，采用现场问卷调查采集研究对象的人口学资料、锻炼情况、睡眠情况、是否使用助行设备、是否着急上厕所、自我感觉走路不稳、患病种类、长期用药、过去1年跌倒史、FOF、焦虑和抑郁情绪等资料并进行分析。
结果社区老年女性FOF发生率为53.2%，其中有跌倒史的社区老年女性FOF发生率为69.6%。Logistic回归分析显示独居(OR=2.344，95% CI：1.114 ~ 4.931)、缺乏锻炼(OR=1.983，95% CI：1.020 ~ 3.856)、使用助行设备(OR=2.640，95% CI：1.086 ~ 6.419)、着急上厕所(OR=3.275，95% CI：1.509 ~ 7.109)、走路不稳(OR=3.402，95% CI：1.799 ~ 6.432)和抑郁(OR=2.129，95% CI：1.129 ~ 4.016)与社区老年女性发生FOF独立关联(P ＜ 0.001)。
结论社区老年女性FOF发生率高，且有跌倒史的社区老年女性FOF发生率更高，独居、缺乏锻炼、使用助行设备、着急上厕所、走路不稳和抑郁的社区老年女性更容易发生FOF，在社区老年人跌倒防控中应注重此类人群的筛查和评估，并实施针对性的预防措施。

Abstract:
Background Fear of falling (FOF) is highly prevalent in the elderly, but there is a lack of data on FOF status and its associated factors in community- dwelling elderly women in China.
Objective To investigate the current situation of FOF in elderly women in community and analyze the related risk factors, so as to enrich the relevant data of FOF in elderly women in community and provide references for the development of personalized community fall prevention and control interventions.
Methods From June to September in 2021, 278 elderly women in the community of 3 elderly activity centers in Beijing were selected. Field questionnaires were used to collect demographic data, exercise status, sleep status, using walking aids or not, urinary urgency, self-perception of walking instability, types of diseases, long-term medication, fall history in the past year, FOF, anxiety and depression, and other data of the subjects.
Results The incidence of FOF was 53.2% in elderly women in community, and the incidence of FOF in community elderly women with a history of falls was 69.6%. Logistic regression analysis showed that living alone (OR=2.344, 95% CI: 1.114-4.931), lack of exercise (OR=1.983, 95% CI: 1.020-3.856), using walking aids (OR=2.640, 95% CI: 1.086-6.419), urinary urgency (OR=3.275, 95% CI: 1.509-7.109), unstable walking (OR=3.402, 95% CI: 1.799-6.432) and depression (OR=2.129, 95% CI: 1.129-4.016) were independently associated with FOF in community- dwelling women (P ＜ 0.001).
Conclusion There is a high incidence of FOF in elderly women in the community, and it is even higher in cases with a history of falls. Elderly women in the community who live alone, lack of exercise, using walking aids, rushing to the bathroom, walk unsteadily and depression are more likely to develop FOF. Attention should be paid to the screening and evaluation of these people, and targeted prevention measures should be implemented.

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