Background  Chinese Level Ⅱ Hospital is a key force of medical security in the peacekeeping operation in South KIVU of Democratic Republic of Congo. In the context of the global COVID-19 outbreak, the disease characteristics of peacekeepers are important information for medical security.

  Objective  To investigate the epidemiological disease characteristics of peacekeeper so as to provide reference for medical operation in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

  Methods  The epidemiological data of the peacekeeper, including the gender, age, nationality and the epidemiologic feature of disease in South KIVU from September 2019 to September 2020 were recorded. The distribution of diseases in the population, country and time were analyzed.

  Results  During the task period, a total of 951 patients admitted to Chinese Level Ⅱ Hospital which included 880 outpatients (92.53%) and 71 inpatients (7.47%). The main diseases of outpatients were trauma disease (195/880, 23.41%) and oral diseases (192/880, 21.82%). The main diseases of inpatients were digestive diseases (18/71, 25.35%) and traumatic diseases (11/71, 15.49%). A total of 44 infectious diseases were found in outpatients and inpatients (44/951, 4.63%). The patients were mainly from Pakistan (345), Egypt (92), China (91), Nepal (90) and Uruguay (80). The number of visits began to decline after reaching the peak (19.84%) in January 2020. The first breakout of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases was found in May 2020, and appeared for the following months.

  Conclusion  The main types of diseases in Congo are traumatic diseases and oral diseases, and the wounded and sick mainly appear in Pakistan, Egypt, China and other countries with a large number of troops. After February 2020, the number of visits shows a decline affected by COVID-19. However, most patients are infectious critical diseases, so rigorous protection and proper disposal are required.