Background   High intraocular pressure is still the most common complication in the early postoperative period after vitreoretinal surgery, which may damage the optic nerve and lead to irreversible loss of visual function if not detected and treated in time.

  Objective   To investigate the change of intraocular pressure and incidence of high intraocular pressure after vitrectomy and analyze its associated factors.

  Methods   Patients who underwent vitrectomy in our hospital from July 2020 to February 2022 were selected. The intraocular pressure was measured at 3 days after the operation, and the effect of age, gender, primary disease, surgical method, and intraocular silicone oil tamponade on early postoperative intraocular hypertension were analyzed.

  Results   A total of 406 patients (419 eyes) were selected. Of the 406 cases, 234 cases (57.6%) were male (247 eyes) and 172 cases (42.4%) were female (172 eyes). The average age of patients at time of surgery was (52.60 ± 15.69) years, ranging from 3 to 91 years. The average intraocular pressure at 1 day, 2 days, 3 days after operation was higher than that of eyes before operation (16.2 ± 6.4 mmhg, 16.0 ± 6.3 mmhg, 16.0 ± 6.0 mmhg vs 13.7 ± 3.6 mmhg, P<0.01, respectively). Within 3 days after vitrectomy, 56 eyes developed early intraocular hypertension, the incidence rate was 13.4%, and the average time of intraocular hypertension was 1.47 ± 0.67 days. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that diabetic (OR 95% CI: 2.2661.229-4.177), photocoagulation (OR 95% CI: 3.7971.845-7.813) were independently associated with occurrence of early postoperative ocular hypertension.

  Conclusion   Early Intraocular hypertension is prone to occur after vitrectomy, especially for patients with diabetes or intraoperative photocoagulation, and intraocular pressure changes should be closely observed after vitrectomy.