Abstract: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is a common complication during controlled ovarian stimulation, which not only has an impact on the embryo transfer strategy but also threatens the patient’s life in severe cases. More and more studies have explored the risk factors and biomarkers for developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, and a series of risk prediction models have been constructed. This article analyzes and summarizes the different risk factors and risk prediction models with a view to providing references for the early identification of high-risk groups in clinic and the timely development of effective preventive measures, as well as for the selection and improvement of the model.